Mineral Composition and Soil-Plant Relationships for Common Guava (Psidium guajava L.) and Yellow Strawberry Guava (Psidium cattleianum var. lucidum) Tree Parts and Fruits

The mineral compositions of the fruit and tree parts of common guava, Psidium guajava L., and strawberry guava, Psidium cattleianum var. lucidum, were determined. The study occurred during three seasons at six locations in Hawaii to assess guava as feed for livestock. Guava bark contained the greatest concentrations of calcium (Ca) and ash; leaves the greatest concentrations of magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), sodium (Na), boron (B), and manganese (Mn); and the shoots had the greatest concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). The leaves and the shoots had the greatest concentrations of copper (Cu) and iron (Fe). Between guava and waiwi, guava had greater concentrations of most minerals except for Na in all plant parts, and Mg and ash in the leaves. Guava leaves and shoots meet the macromineral requirements for various phases of sheep, goat, and beef cattle life cycles with the exception of P and Na. Guava shoots do not meet Mn requirements for lactating cows.     

现代物业小区车辆智能化综合管理系统

给出了一种现代物业小区车辆智能化综合管理系统，由物业管理中心的中央计算机和下层的各个小区服务器构成多级控制的网络化管理系统，怪实现进出车辆的登记识别、计时计费、等多种功能，并提出了一种能有效识别车辆特征的方法。     

Association of red‐mark syndrome with a Rickettsia‐like organism and its connection with strawberry disease in the USA

Red‐mark syndrome (RMS), a disease seen mostly in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, is of unknown aetiology. The research presented here indicates the presence of an intracellular bacterium in RMS‐affected fish. A positive reaction was observed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) with skin lesions, liver, kidney and spleen of affected fish sampled from several locations within the United Kingdom using two different polyclonal antisera raised against Piscirickettsia salmonis. The same reaction was also seen with a number of different anti‐P. salmonis monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). A disease with similar clinical signs to RMS, referred to as strawberry disease (SD), has been reported in the USA. A Rickettsia‐like organism (RLO) has recently been associated with SD based on analysis of 16S rDNA sequences. Using the same panel of anti‐P. salmonis antibodies used to screen the RMS samples, similar staining was obtained in tissue of SD‐affected fish by IHC. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using RLO‐specific primers was also performed on RMS‐affected fish from the United Kingdom, and the samples were positive for the RLO 16S rRNA sequence. These findings suggest that the same aetiological agent may be responsible for RMS in the United Kingdom and SD in the USA.     

黄顶菊种子的图像分割及特征提取

针对黄顶菊种子人工识别时存在的主观性强、效率低、可重复性差等缺点,提出利用计算机视觉和图像处理技术提取黄顶菊种子特征参数的方法,研究了黄顶菊种子图像的分割方法、目标提取及种子图像中形态和颜色特征的提取方法,分析了各形态特征参数的相关性,筛选出了能精确反映黄顶菊种子几何特征的参数,验证了各特征参数提取方法的有效性,为后期的种子自动识别提供了依据。     

低温对草莓花芽分化的影响

为研究低温对草莓花芽分化及开花结果的影响,以‘红颜’草莓为试材,进行夜间低温为11±2℃的处理。以常规管理的植株为对照(CK),设7月21日开始的4和6周(14和8h日照)及8月4日开始的2和4周等5个不同时长的夜间低温处理,进行花芽分化的形态学观察,记录始花期、盛花期、始熟期等物候期指标,测定定植后各阶段产量及果实品质,同时检测花分生组织特异基因FaAP1表达水平的变化情况。结果表明:4～6周的夜间低温处理使草莓的花芽分化平均提前24d,FaAP1的表达平均提前14d;始花期平均提前约13d、盛花期平均提前9d,始熟期平均提前15d,12月中旬之前的产量显著高于对照;低温处理对果实的可溶性固形物含量、果形指数和平均单果重等无明显影响。综上所述,北京地区‘红颜’草莓在定植前进行4～6周的夜间低温处理有利于花芽分化和开花结果的提前,使草莓能够提前半个月上市。     

奶牛个体识别方法及其应用研究进展

为了解个体识别在奶牛生产中记录产奶量、监控采食活动、监测卧床行为、追踪活动轨迹以及其他生产项目中的研究现状,以"奶牛"、"个体识别"、"识别方法"和"生产应用"为关键词,对2008—2018年的文献进行检索,并根据识别过程的不同特点对三类识别方法,即人工机械识别、接触式电子识别和图像生物识别进行归纳和总结并对识别方法、现代化生产应用以及国内进展等3个方面进行归纳和总结。结果表明:1)生物识别技术相较于传统方法对奶牛个体的伤害较小,可以在很多方面克服环境的干扰。2)目前智能识别技术与奶牛行为活动监测相关联,可以全面掌握个体健康状况和生产性能。3)国内在计算机视觉方面取得了长足的进步,为个体的智能化识别打下了坚实基础。今后个体识别技术研究应该着重于提高对环境的适应性和系统的兼容性,为建立完整的自动化奶牛监测体系提供依据。     

Review of Trends in Strawberry Research from 1960 to 2016

A review of publications on “Strawberry” was done by using the Scopus database for the period 1960–2016. A total of 10,400 articles were found in the database and analyzed using a variety of measures. Results show that publication increased exponentially from 1960 to 2016. Multiple authors are collaborating in strawberry research. Acta Horticulturae was the most productive journal. The United States of America was the most productive country. The greatest portion of the research was concerned with medicinal benefits of strawberries to humans. This work will be useful to researchers in identifying trends in strawberry research.     

基于无人机的水肥一体化玉米出苗率估算方法与试验

出苗率是西北地区春播玉米夺得高产的前提保障。针对宁夏大面积玉米种植过程中人工统计出苗状况工程量大、耗时费力、误查漏数等现象。本文设计不同氮素处理试验,运用无人机搭载数码相机获取玉米苗期高清图像,运用MATLAB软件中ORB算法与距离加权融合算法合成无人机图像,通过二值化、腐蚀膨胀等深度优化处理技术得出玉米苗期图像轮廓,然后运用MATLAB软件八位连通域和ARCMAP 10.3计算方法自动规划路线并计算出玉米的出苗数量。结合田间人工调查数据,采用线性回归分析方法,建立了人工计数和无人机获取玉米出苗株数之间的线性关系模型。结果表明,线性回归关系模型的决定系数、均方根误差和标准均方根误差分别为0.895、4.359和2.436%。因此,基于低空无人机平台快速获取大田玉米出苗株数,是一种省时省力、高效精准的出苗率获取方法。可为后续玉米高产的准确评估提供技术支持,对于优化宁夏玉米滴灌水肥一体化精准种植技术具有积极意义。     

基于图像特征的小麦胚芽鞘识别

利用图像颜色特征,首先分割小麦种子图像进而确定小麦种子轮廓矩,根据其轮廓距确定小麦种子质心坐标,然后根据小麦胚芽鞘图像颜色特征对胚芽鞘图像进行分割、获取小麦胚芽鞘图像,其次利用Zhang-Suen并行快速细化算法对小麦胚芽鞘进行细化获取胚芽鞘骨骼线,进而获取骨骼线图像(单像素)上所有点对胚芽鞘骨骼线进行多段直线曲线近似,最后根据小麦种子轮廓质心坐标、胚芽鞘骨骼线近似曲线和切割距离(给定)确定胚芽鞘的姿态和对小麦胚芽鞘切割点位置进行定位。通过对小麦胚芽鞘30幅图片进行图像处理验证。结果表明,该方法能完整地提取小麦种子和胚芽鞘图像、小麦胚芽鞘姿态及位置信息。基于图像颜色特征的小麦胚芽鞘识别及定位方法,为小麦胚芽鞘的识别与分析提供了准确、快捷、可视的技术手段,对于构建胚芽鞘智能识别、定位的视觉系统及自动化切割装置的研究意义重大。     

基于图像识别技术研究不同海区三疣梭子蟹甲壳白色斑纹特征及蜕壳前后斑纹特征的变化

为进行三疣梭子蟹外观特征的研究,本研究通过计算机视觉技术建立三疣梭子蟹背部白色斑纹评估方法,经人工对比验证其准确性达100%。在此基础上,对来自海域的30只三疣梭子蟹[平均体质量(2.8±0.56)g]进行跟踪观察,发现蜕壳前后白色斑纹数量和位置保持不变,而白色斑纹面积和斑纹区域面积则会随着蜕壳后蟹壳面积的增加而扩大;蜕壳后,白色斑纹面积增加89.33%±8.61%,斑纹区域面积增加90.51%±7.95%,蟹壳面积增加94.66%±8.26%,均显著正相关。为进一步研究不同海区梭子蟹白色斑纹分布特征,对来自朝鲜、中国辽宁和浙江等不同海区的三疣梭子蟹进行白色斑纹个数(N)、白色斑纹面积(S1)、斑纹区域面积(S2)、白色斑纹面积百分比(R1)、斑纹区域面积百分比(R2)和密度(D)等6项参数分析,结果发现,不同海区三疣梭子蟹斑纹性状存在显著特点,朝鲜海区呈现斑纹小、分布面积少、占蟹壳总面积比例低的特点;辽宁海区呈现斑纹小、分布面积多、占蟹壳总面积比例高的特点;浙江海区呈现斑纹大、分布面积少、占蟹壳总面积比例低的特点。本研究将计算机视觉技术应用于水产养殖研究,通过建立评估参数阐明三疣梭子蟹白色斑纹的生长规律,揭示了不同群体的三疣梭子蟹白色斑纹具有地理多样性的特征。